ML Aggarwal Solution Class 10 Chapter 13 Similarity Exercise 13.3
Exercise 13.3
Question 1
Given that ∆s ABC and PQR are similar.
Find:
(i) The ratio of the area of ∆ABC to the area of ∆PQR if their corresponding sides are in the ratio 1 : 3.
(ii) the ratio of their corresponding sides if area of ∆ABC : area of ∆PQR = 25 : 36.
Sol :
(i) ∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
(By theorem 15.1)
But BC = QR =1 : 3
∴ area of ΔABC area of ΔPQR=(1)2(3)2=19
Hence area of ΔABC: area of ΔPQR
=1: 9
(ii) ∵ΔABC∼ΔPQR
area of ΔABC area of ΔPQR=BC2QR2
(By theorem 15.1)
But area of ΔABC=area of ΔPQR
=25 : 36
∴BC2QR2=2536⇒(BCQR)2=(56)2
⇒BCQR=56
⇒BC:QR=5:6
Question 2
∆ABC ~ DEF. If area of ∆ABC = 9 sq. cm., area of ∆DEF =16 sq. cm and BC = 2.1 cm., find the length of EF.
Sol :
Let EF = x
Given that
∆ABC ~ ∆DEF,
⇒(2⋅1)2x2=916
⇒2⋅1x=34
(Taking square root)
⇒3x=4×2⋅1
⇒x=4×2⋅13
∴x=2.8
Hence EF=2.8 cm
Question 3
∆ABC ~ ∆DEF. If BC = 3 cm, EF = 4 cm and area of ∆ABC = 54 sq. cm. Determine the area of ∆DEF.
Sol :
∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
⇒54 area of ΔDEF=(3)2(4)2
⇒54 area of ΔDEF=916
⇒ area of ΔDEF=54×169=6×16
=96 cm
Question 4
The area of two similar triangles are 36 cm² and 25 cm². If an altitude of the first triangle is 2.4 cm, find the corresponding altitude of the other triangle.
Sol :
Let ABC ~ ∆DEF, AL and DM are their altitudes
then area of ∆ABC = 36 cm²
area of ∆DEF = 25 cm² and AL = 2.4 cm.
Let DM = x
Now ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
⇒3625=(2⋅4)2x2
⇒36x2=(2⋅4)2×25
⇒x2=(2⋅4)2×2536=576×25100×36=164
=4=(2)2
∴x=2 cm
Hence altitude of the other triangle
=2 cm
Question 5
(a) In the figure, (i) given below, PB and QA are perpendiculars to the line segment AB. If PO = 6 cm, QO = 9 cm and the area of ∆POB = 120 cm², find the area of ∆QOA. (2006)
⇒ Area of ΔAOQ Area of ΔBOP=OQ2PO2
[∵ Area's of similar triangles are proportional to the squares of their corresponding sides]
Area of ΔAOQ120=(9)2(6)2
⇒ Area of ΔAOQ120=8136
⇒ Area of ΔAOQ=81×12036=9×30 cm2
=270 cm2
(b) Given : In the figure AB || CD
AO=10 cm, OC=5 cm
AB=6.5 cm and OD=2.8 cm
To prove : (i) ΔOAB∼ΔOCD
(ii) Find CD and OB
(iii) Find the ratio of areas of ΔOAB and ΔOCD
Proof : In the ΔOAB and ΔOCD
(i) ∴∠AOB=∠COD
(vertically opposite angles)
∠OAB=∠OCD (Alternate angles)
∠OBA=∠ODC (Alternate angles)
∴ΔOAB〜ΔOCD (AAA axiom)
(ii) ∴OAOC=OBOD=ABCD
⇒105=OB2.8=6.5CD
(a) OB2.8=105
⇒OB=105×2.8=5.6 cm
∴OB=5.6 cm
(b) 6.5CD=105
⇒CD=6.5×510
CD=32.510=3.25 cm
(iii) ∵ΔOAB∼ΔOCD (Proved)
∴ar(ΔOAB)ar(ΔOCD)
=AB2CD2=(6.5)2(3.25)2
=6.5×6.53.25×3.25
=2×21=41
ar(ΔOAB):ar(ΔOCD)=4:1
Question 6
(a) In the figure (i) given below, DE || BC. If DE = 6 cm, BC = 9 cm and area of ∆ADE = 28 sq. cm, find the area of ∆ABC.
∠D=∠B,∠E=∠C (proved)
∠A=∠A
∴ΔADE∼ΔABC (AAA postulate)
∴ area of ΔADE area of ΔABC
=(DE)2(BC)2
⇒28 area of ΔABC
=(6)2(9)2=3681
⇒ area of ΔABC=28×8136=63
∴ Area of ΔABC=63 cm2
(b) In the figure , DE || BC
∴∠D=∠B and ∠E=∠C
(corresponding angles)
Now in ΔADE and ΔABC
∠D=∠B, ∠E=∠C (proved)
∴∠A=∠A (common)
∴ΔADE〜ΔABC (AAA postulate)
But ADDB=12
⇒DBAD=21
Adding 1 both sides
DBAD+1=21+1
⇒AD+DBAD=2+11
⇒ABAD=31
⇒ADAB=13
∴ΔADE∼ΔABC
∴ area of ΔADE area of ΔABC=AD2AB2=(13)2=19
⇒ area of ΔABC=9 area of ΔADE
⇒ area of trapezium DBCE
⇒ area of ΔABC− area of ΔADE
=9 area of ΔADE− area of ΔADE
=8 area of ΔADE
∴ area of ΔADE area of trapezium DBCE =18
∴ area of ΔADE : area of trepezium DBCE
=1 : 8
Question 7
In the given figure, DE || BC.
(i) Prove that ∆ADE and ∆ABC are similar.
(iii) If area of ∆ABC = 18cm², find the area of trapezium DBCE
Sol :
(i) Given : In ∆ABC, DE || BC.
To prove : ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC
Proof: In ∆ADE and ∆ABC,
∠A = ∠A (common)
∠ADE = ∠ABC (corresponding angles)
∴ ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC. (AA axiom)
(ii) ∴ ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC
⇒ADAD+BD=DEBC
⇒12BD12BD+BD=DE4.5
(∵BC=4.5)
⇒12BD32BD=DE4⋅5
⇒12×23=DE4⋅5
⇒13=DE4⋅5
∴DE=4⋅53=1⋅5 cm
(iii) Area of ΔABC=18 cm2
∴ area of ΔADE area of ΔABC=DE2BC2
(Area of similar triangles are proportional to the square of their corresponding sides)
area of ΔADE18=(DEBC)2
⇒ area of ΔADE18=(ADAB)2
⇒ area of ΔADE18=(13)2=19
[proved in (ii)]
⇒ area of ΔADE=18×19=2
∴ area of tripezium DBCE
=area of ΔABC-area of ΔADE
=18-2=16cm2
Question 8
In the given figure, AB and DE are perpendicular to BC.
(i) Prove that ∆ABC ~ ∆DEC
(ii) If AB = 6 cm: DE = 4 cm and AC = 15 cm, calculate CD.
(iii) Find the ratio of the area of ∆ABC : area of ∆DEC
Sol :
(i) To prove : ∆ABC ~ ∆DEC
In ∆ABC and ∆DEC
∠C=∠C (common)
∴ΔABC∼ΔDEC (by AA axiom)
(ii) ACCD=ABDE
(Corresponding sides of similar triangles are proportional)
15CD=64
∴CD=15×46
(iii) area of ΔABC area of ΔDEC=AB2DE2
=6242=3616=94=9:4
Question 9
In the adjoining figure, ABC is a triangle.
(i) Determine the ratios ADAB,DEBC
(ii) Prove that ∆DEF is similar to ∆CBF.
Hence, find EFFB
(iii) What is the ratio of the areas of ∆DEF and ∆CBF ? (2007)
(i) ADDB=32 (given)
∴DBAD=23
or DBAD+1=23+1
or DB+ADAD=2+33
or ABAD=53
⇒ADAB=35
In ΔADE and ΔABC
∠ADE=∠B (Corresponding ∠s)
∠AED=∠C (Corresponding ∠s)
∴By AA similarity
ΔADE〜ΔABC
∴ADAB=DEBC
⇒DEBC=35
(ii) In ΔDEF and ΔCBF
∠1=∠2 (Alternate ∠s)
∠3=∠4 (Alternate ∠s)
∠5=∠6 (Vertically oppo. ∠s)
∴ΔDEF〜ΔCBF
EFFB=DEBC=35
(iii) As the ratio of the area of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the square of any two corresponding sides.
∴ Area of ΔDFE Area of ΔBFC=DE2BC2
=(DEBC)2=(35)2=925
Question 10
In ∆ABC, AP : PB = 2 : 3. PO is parallel to BC and is extended to Q so that CQ is parallel to BA. Find:
(i) area ∆APO : area ∆ABC.
(ii) area ∆APO : area ∆CQO. (2008)
In the figure,
PQ || BC and PO is produced to Q such that CQ || BA
and AP : PB = 2 : 3.
∵Areas of the similar triangle are proportional to the square of their corresponding sides
∴area(ΔAPO)area(ΔABC)=AP2AB2=AP2(AP+PB)2
=(2)2(2+3)2=4(5)2=425
area (△APO): area (ΔABC)=4:25
(ii) In ΔAPO and ΔCQO
∠AOP=∠COQ
(vertically opposite angles)
∠APQ=∠OQC (Alternate angles)
∴ΔAPQ~ΔCQO
∴area(ΔAPO)area(ΔCQO)=AP2CQ2=AP2PB2
(∵PB=CQ)
=(2)2(3)2=49
area (ΔAPO) : area (ΔCQO)
=4 : 9
Question 11
(a) In the figure (i) given below, ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC and AB = 2 CD. Determine the ratio of the areas of ∆AOB and ∆COD.
(b) In the figure (ii) given below, ABCD is a parallelogram. AM ⊥ DC and AN ⊥ CB. If AM = 6 cm, AN = 10 cm and the area of parallelogram ABCD is 45 cm², find
(i) AB
(ii) BC
(iii) area of ∆ADM : area of ∆ANB.
(c) In the figure (iii) given below, ABCD is a parallelogram. E is a point on AB, CE intersects the diagonal BD at O and EF || BC. If AE : EB = 2 : 3, find
(i) EF : AD
(ii) area of ∆BEF : area of ∆ABD
(iii) area of ∆ABD : area of trap. AFED
(iv) area of ∆FEO : area of ∆OBC.
=(2CD)2CD2 (∵AB=2CD)
=4CD2CD2=41
∴area of ΔAOB : area of ΔCOD= 4 : 1
(b) In ||gm ABCD, AM⊥DC and AN⊥CB
Now area of ||gm ABCD= DC×AM or
BC×AN
∴DC×AM=BC×AN=area of ||gm
⇒DC×6=BC×10=45
(i) ∴DC=456=152=7⋅5 cm
∴AB=7.5 cm (∵AB=DC)
(ii) Now in ΔADM and ΔABN
∠D=∠B (opposite angles of a ||gm)
∠M=∠N (each 90°)
∴ΔADM∼ΔABN
∴ area of ΔADM area of ΔABN=AD2AB2
=BC2AB2=(4⋅5)2(7⋅5)2
=20⋅2556⋅25=20255625
=81225=925
∴ area of Δ ADM : area of Δ ABN
= 9 : 25
(c) In ||gm ABCD, E is a point on AB , CE intersects the diagonal BD at O
EF || BC and AE : EB=2 : 3
In ΔABD,EF‖BC or AD
(i) ∴ABBE=ADEF
⇒EFAD=BEAB
But AEEB=23
⇒AEEB+1=23+1
⇒AE+EBEB=2+33
⇒ABEB=53
⇒BEAB=35
⇒EF : AD= 3 : 5
(ii) ∵ΔBEF~ΔABD
area of ΔBEF area of ΔABD=(EF)2(AD)2
=(3)2(5)2=925
∴ area of ΔBEF: area of ΔABD=9:25
(iii) area of ΔABD area of ΔBEF=259 (from (ii))
25 area of ΔBEF=9 area of ΔABD
⇒25 (area of ΔABD - area of trap AEFD)
=9 area of ΔABD
⇒25 area of ΔABD−25 area of AFED
=9 area of ΔABD
⇒25 area of trap AEFD =25 area of ΔABD−9 area of ΔABD
⇒25 area of AEFD=16 area of ΔABD
⇒ area of ΔABD area of trap AEFD=2516
⇒ area of ΔABD: area of trap AEFD
= 25 : 16
(iv) In Δ FEO and Δ OBC
∠EOF=∠BOC
(Vertically opposite angles)
∠F=∠OBC (Alternate angles)
∴ΔFEO∼ΔOBC
∴ area of FEO area of ΔOBC=EF2BC2
=EF2AD2=925 [From (i)]
∴ area of ΔFEO: area of ΔOBC=9:25
Question 12
In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. P is a point on BC such that BP : PC = 1 : 2 and DP produced meets AB produced at Q. If area of ∆CPQ = 20 cm², find
(ii) area ∆CDP.
(iii) area of || gm ABCD.
Sol :
In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram.
P is a point on BC such that BP : PC = 1 : 2
and DP is produced to meet ABC produced at Q.
Area ∆CPQ = 20 cm²
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